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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Optic nerve and chiasmal germinoma.

Suryasnata Rath1, Geeta K Vemuganti, Ghanashyam Biswas

  • 1Ocular Oncology Service, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India. suryasnata@lvpei.org

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A 15-year-old boy with a germinoma tumor impacting his optic nerve experienced vision loss. Treatment involved radiation therapy, stabilizing his vision but not fully restoring it.

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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
09:53

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
12:06

Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Oncology

Background:

  • Optic nerve tumors can cause significant visual impairment in adolescents.
  • Germinomas are rare tumors that can affect the central nervous system.

Observation:

  • A 15-year-old presented with severe vision loss in the left eye and optic nerve head lesion.
  • MRI revealed optic nerve and chiasm thickening consistent with an infiltrative tumor.
  • Biopsy confirmed germinoma, positive for placental alkaline phosphatase.

Findings:

  • The patient received craniospinal irradiation and a focal boost to the optic nerve.
  • Post-treatment, vision stabilized at 20/200 OD and light perception OS.
  • Despite treatment, significant visual deficits persisted.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the challenges in treating optic nerve germinomas.
  • Radiation therapy can stabilize vision but may not lead to full recovery.
  • Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment are crucial for managing pediatric optic nerve tumors.