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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture
09:37

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Published on: May 2, 2019

Redox-switch modulation of human SSADH by dynamic catalytic loop.

Yeon-Gil Kim1, Sujin Lee, Oh-Sin Kwon

  • 1Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea.

The EMBO Journal
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) structures reveal a dynamic catalytic loop that changes with redox status. This redox-switch modulation may control human SSADH activity and offers insights into SSADH deficiency pathogenesis.

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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) catabolizes gamma-aminobutyric acid in the mitochondrial matrix.
  • SSADH deficiency causes rare autosomal recessive disorders with neurological symptoms like psychomotor retardation and convulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of human SSADH function and its link to disease pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the role of redox status in regulating SSADH activity.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography to determine oxidized and reduced SSADH structures.
  • In vivo and in vitro biochemical assays to study enzyme dynamics and redox response.

Main Results:

  • Crystal structures reveal significant conformational changes in the catalytic loop of SSADH between oxidized and reduced states.
  • A reversible disulfide bond between Cys340 and Cys342 mediates these loop dynamics.
  • The 'dynamic catalytic loop' responds to reactive oxygen species and redox changes, suggesting a physiological regulatory mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Human SSADH activity is modulated by a redox-switch mechanism involving its dynamic catalytic loop.
  • Understanding these structural dynamics provides insights into SSADH substrate specificity and the impact of disease-associated mutations.