Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
ATP and Energy Production01:23

ATP and Energy Production

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical molecule that functions as the main energy carrier in cells. Structurally, ATP consists of an adenosine molecule—comprising adenine and ribose—bonded to three phosphate groups. The high-energy bonds between these phosphate groups store significant amounts of potential energy. This energy is released during hydrolysis, wherein ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP), driving a variety of essential cellular...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CFTR knock-out mice exhibit impaired renal compensation to dietary NaCl depletion.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2026
Same author

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor corrects salt-wasting in cystic fibrosis.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2025
Same author

A Urine pH-Ammonium Acid/Base Score and CKD Progression.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2024
Same author

Revisiting voltage-coupled H<sup>+</sup> secretion in the collecting duct.

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology·2024
Same author

The challenged urine bicarbonate excretion test in cystic fibrosis: A comprehensive analysis of urine acid/base parameters.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2024
Same author

A Urine pH-Ammonium Acid/Base Score and CKD Progression.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2024
Same journal

Responsiveness to adenosine diphosphate on carotid arterial and platelet functions in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same journal

The effect of P2RX7 functional SNPs on osteoblast cell phenotype, function and signalling- roles in bone homeostasis and osteogenesis.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same journal

Selective P2X3 versus dual P2X2/3 receptor antagonists in refractory chronic cough: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same journal

A tale of two ATPs: biased activation of the P2X3 receptor.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same journal

Correction to: The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in alleviating paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and its possible mechanism relates to TLR4/P2X7-NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same journal

Adenosine A2A receptor signaling in neuroinflammation, glial modulation, and mechanisms associated with chronic pain.

Purinergic signalling·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK
11:20

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

Published on: December 19, 2019

ATP release from non-excitable cells.

Helle A Praetorius1, Jens Leipziger

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 160, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.

Purinergic Signalling
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through conductive pores like pannexin 1 or via vesicles. Mechanical and agonist stimulation are key triggers for this release, crucial for local cell regulation.

More Related Videos

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
11:47

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: April 3, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK
11:20

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

Published on: December 19, 2019

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
11:47

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: April 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cells release nucleotides, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), influencing local autocrine and paracrine signaling through purinergic receptors.
  • Recent technical advancements allow for precise quantification of extracellular ATP concentrations near the plasma membrane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technical advances in measuring extracellular ATP concentrations.
  • To review current knowledge and suggested mechanisms of ATP release from cells.
  • To discuss modes of stimulation for ATP release.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technical advancements in ATP quantification.
  • Review of proposed cellular mechanisms for ATP release.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ATP release stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Two regulated modes of ATP release exist in non-excitable cells: conductive pore (pannexin 1) and vesicular release.
  • Both subtle mechanical stimulation and agonist-triggered release are pivotal in stimulating ATP release.
  • The specific mechanosensor responsible for ATP release remains unidentified.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular ATP release is a fundamental cellular process regulated by distinct mechanisms and stimuli.
  • Understanding ATP release mechanisms is critical for deciphering purinergic signaling in organ function.
  • Further research is needed to identify the mechanosensor involved in ATP release.