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Related Concept Videos

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

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Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
09:03

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

Angiogenic signalling pathways.

Zubair Ahmed1, Roy Bicknell

  • 1Division of Immunity Studies, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia drives tumor angiogenesis by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other pathways. Understanding these complex signaling networks offers therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenesis cancer research.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hypoxia is a critical factor in tumor growth, promoting angiogenesis.
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a primary mediator of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.
  • Tumor angiogenesis is a complex process involving multiple signaling pathways beyond VEGF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hypoxia on gene expression and downstream angiogenic signaling.
  • To explore the diverse signaling pathways implicated in new blood vessel formation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenesis strategies in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression changes under hypoxic conditions.
  • Review of established and emerging angiogenic signaling pathways.
  • Examination of extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules involved in angiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia significantly influences gene expression related to angiogenesis.
  • VEGF is a key but not the sole driver of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.
  • Multiple extracellular signaling pathways (Notch/Delta, Ephrin/Eph, Roundabout/Slit, Netrin/UNC) and intracellular proteins (Hedgehog, Sprouty) are involved.

Conclusions:

  • The complexity of angiogenic signaling pathways presents numerous opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
  • Targeting these diverse pathways is a promising strategy for anti-angiogenesis cancer therapies.
  • Further research into these pathways can advance oncology treatments.