[Vertigo treatment according to their mechanisms]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Otolaryngology

Context:

• Vertigo is a common symptom indicating vestibular system dysfunction.
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, and Ménière's disease are frequent peripheral causes.
• Central etiologies and unclassified peripheral vestibulopathies contribute significantly to vertigo cases.

Purpose:

• To review the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and treatment of major vertigo etiologies.
• To specifically address neurovascular compression syndrome of the VIIIth nerve as a cause of vertigo.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for neurovascular compression syndrome.

Summary:

• Vertigo results from vestibular system disturbances, with common peripheral causes including BPPV, vestibular neuronitis, and Ménière's disease.
• Neurovascular compression syndrome of the VIIIth nerve is a less common but significant cause of vertigo and chronic instability.
• Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach combining clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological evidence, with antiepileptic drugs as a primary treatment.

Impact:

• Provides a comprehensive overview of vertigo etiologies and their management.
• Emphasizes the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for neurovascular compression syndrome of the VIIIth nerve.
• Informs clinicians on the differential diagnosis and treatment options for complex vertigo cases.