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Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

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Published on: January 23, 2017

Illusory temporal order for stimuli at different depth positions.

Makoto Ichikawa1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-2283, Japan. ichikawa@l.chiba-u.ac.jp

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|March 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Perception of visual stimuli order is influenced by depth. Observers perceive more distant objects as appearing before nearer ones, especially with sudden visual events.

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Depth perception
  • Temporal order judgment

Background:

  • Binocular disparity is a key cue for depth perception.
  • The perceived temporal order of visual stimuli can be influenced by various factors.
  • Understanding visual processing of depth and time is crucial for explaining visual illusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how binocular disparity affects the perceived temporal order of visual stimuli.
  • To determine the conditions under which depth influences temporal order perception.
  • To explore the underlying neural mechanisms of this depth-mediated temporal illusion.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted using binocular disparity to manipulate stimulus depth.
  • Participants judged the temporal order of simultaneously presented visual stimuli at different depths.

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  • Stimulus presentation conditions, including suddenness and luminance change, were varied.

    • Main Results:

    • A consistent illusion was observed where more distant stimuli were perceived as preceding nearer stimuli.
    • This temporal order illusion was specific to sudden stimulus onsets, not gradual ones.
    • The illusion's strength correlated positively with binocular disparity gradient and size.

    Conclusions:

    • Depth information, conveyed by binocular disparity, can alter the perceived temporal order of visual events.
    • Sudden luminance changes likely trigger a common neural process responsible for this illusion.
    • The findings suggest a link between motion-in-depth processing and the perception of sudden object emergence, potentially for collision avoidance.