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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Published on: January 31, 2020

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

J W T Elston¹, H Thaker

¹Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, East Yorkshire HU16 5JQ, UK. Hiten.Thaker@hey.nhs.uk

International Journal of STD & AIDS

|March 24, 2009

Summary

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) can cause illness in individuals with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review covers IRIS definitions, presentations, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management.

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Published on: December 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Immunology
HIV Medicine

Background:

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses HIV replication and restores immune function.
Some individuals on ART develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), characterized by inflammatory illness during immune recovery.
IRIS encompasses a spectrum of disorders, including opportunistic infections, immune-mediated diseases, and autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the definitions, clinical presentations, and pathogenesis of IRIS.
To identify risk factors associated with IRIS development.
To outline preventive and management strategies for IRIS in HIV-infected individuals.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on IRIS in the context of HIV and ART.
Synthesis of current knowledge on IRIS definitions, clinical manifestations, and underlying mechanisms.
Analysis of research on risk factors, prevention, and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

IRIS is a complex condition arising from dysregulated immune responses during immune reconstitution.
Clinical presentations of IRIS are diverse, ranging from mild to life-threatening.
Several factors contribute to IRIS, including the type of pathogen, degree of immune suppression, and specific ART regimens.

Conclusions:

IRIS is an important clinical consideration for healthcare providers managing HIV-infected patients on ART.
Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes in IRIS.
Further research into pathogenesis and targeted therapies may improve prevention and treatment strategies.