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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Distal fibula malunions.

Alice Chu1, Lon Weiner

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|March 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anatomic reduction of unstable ankle fractures prevents arthritis. Surgical revision of distal fibula malunions restores ankle stability and function, with good to excellent results reported in 67-92% of cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Traumatology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Anatomic reduction and fixation of unstable ankle fractures are crucial for preventing posttraumatic arthritis.
  • Distal fibula malunion in unstable ankle fractures can lead to progressive talar instability.
  • Syndesmotic widening often accompanies ankle malunions, potentially masking fibular length and rotation issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications and surgical techniques for correcting distal fibula malunions in ankle fractures.
  • To emphasize the importance of careful diagnostic workup and patient selection for successful surgical revision.
  • To highlight how understanding fibular malunion revision can prevent future salvage procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical considerations for corrective osteotomy, grafting, syndesmotic assessment, and medial exposure.
  • Emphasis on preoperative planning and patient discussion.
  • Analysis of reported clinical outcomes for fibular reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Good to excellent clinical results (67-92%) are reported after fibular reconstruction for ankle malunions.
  • Successful revision addresses complex malalignments including fibular, syndesmotic, medial, and posterior malleolar issues.
  • Careful patient selection is critical due to potential complications like degenerative joint disease.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical revision of fibular malunions is effective in restoring ankle stability and function.
  • Comprehensive understanding of surgical techniques and indications is vital for successful outcomes.
  • Proper management of ankle malunions can prevent the need for more complex salvage operations.