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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Linking DNA methylation and histone modification: patterns and paradigms.

Howard Cedar1, Yehudit Bergman

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University Medical School, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. cedar@cc.huji.ac.il

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|March 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation and histone modification are key epigenetic mechanisms. Their interplay, mediated by specific enzymes, influences gene repression, development, and diseases like cancer.

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation and histone modification are crucial epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression.
  • Histone methylation can induce reversible heterochromatin formation, while DNA methylation establishes stable gene repression.
  • Crosstalk between these epigenetic pathways is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biochemical interactions between histone methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases.
  • To elucidate the functional consequences of crosstalk between DNA methylation and histone modification.
  • To understand the implications for normal development, cell reprogramming, and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to investigate enzyme interactions.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns.
  • Studies on epigenetic modifications in developmental and disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of direct biochemical interactions between SET domain histone methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases.
  • Demonstration of cross-regulation between DNA methylation and histone modification pathways.
  • Identification of shared regulatory roles in gene silencing.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation and histone modification pathways are interconnected through enzymatic crosstalk.
  • This crosstalk is fundamental to establishing and maintaining gene repression patterns.
  • Understanding these epigenetic relationships is vital for fields including developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and oncology.