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Updated: Jun 24, 2026
Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Reliability of a novel intracardiac electrogram method for AV And VV delay optimization and comparability to
1West-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. nico.reinsch@uk-essen.de
Background:
Echocardiography is widely used to optimize CRT programming. A novel intracardiac electrogram method (IEGM) was recently developed as an automated programmer-based method, designed to calculate optimal atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delays and provide optimized delay values as an alternative to standard echocardiographic assessment.
Objective:
This study was aimed at determining the reliability of this new method. Furthermore the comparability of IEGM to existing echocardiographic parameters for determining optimal conduction delays was verified.
Methods:
Eleven patients (age 62.9+/- 8.7; 81% male; 73% ischemic), previously implanted with a cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) underwent both echocardiographic and IEGM-based delay optimization.
Results:
Applying the IEGM method, concordance of three consecutively performed measurements was found in 3 (27%) patients for AV delay and in 5 (45%) patients for VV delay. Intra-individual variation between three measurements as assessed by the IEGM technique was up to 20 ms (AV: n=6; VV: n=4). E-wave, diastolic filling time and septal-to-lateral wall motion delay emerged as significantly different between the echo and IEGM optimization techniques (p < 0.05). The final AV delay setting was significantly different between both methods (echo: 126.4 +/- 29.4 ms, IEGM: 183.6 +/- 16.3 ms; p < 0.001; correlation: R = 0.573, p = 0.066). VV delay showed significant differences for optimized delays (echo: 46.4 +/- 23.8 ms, IEGM: 10.9 +/- 7.0 ms; p <0.01; correlation: R = -0.278, p = 0.407).
Conclusion:
The automated programmer-based IEGM-based method provides a simple and safe method to perform CRT optimization. However, the reliability of this method appears to be limited. Thus, it remains difficult for the examiner to determine the optimal hemodynamic settings. Additionally, as there was no correlation between the optimal AV- and VV-delays calculated by the IEGM method and the echo optimization, the use of the IEGM method and the comparability to the echo has not been definitely clarified.
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