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Reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia: active versus passive guideline implementation
Caroline S Hawe1, Kirsteen S Ellis, Chris J S Cairns
1Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Stirling Royal Infirmary, Livilands Stirling, FK8 2AU, UK. hawecaroline@hotmail.com
Purpose:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. We describe an active, multifaceted implementation of a VAP prevention bundle designed to improve staff compliance with evidence-based actions and reduce the incidence of VAP.
Method:
A 'VAP prevention bundle' was designed then implemented, first passively, then actively, as defined by a multimodal programme incorporating staff education, process measurement and outcome measurement and feedback to staff and organisational change.
Results:
Compliance with the VAP prevention bundle increased after active implementation. VAP incidence fell significantly from 19.2 to 7.5 per 1,000 ventilator days. Rate difference (99% CI) = 11.6 (2.3-21.0) per 1,000 ventilator days; rate ratio (99% CI) = 0.39 (0.16, 0.96).
Conclusions:
An active implementation programme increased staff compliance with evidence-based interventions and was associated with a significant reduction in VAP acquisition.
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