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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
09:09

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

Published on: August 17, 2022

Autism and immunity: revisited study.

M L Castellani, C M Conti, D J Kempuraj

    International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
    |March 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mast cell activation may contribute to immune and neuroinflammatory issues in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated mast cells and serotonin in autistic children suggest immune system involvement in ASD pathogenesis.

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    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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    Published on: August 17, 2022

    Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
    07:38

    Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Neurochemistry
    • Immunology
    • Developmental Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents neurochemical homogeneity regarding disease and cognitive development.
    • Autistic children exhibit elevated mast cells and serotonin levels, with increased urinary serotonin concentrations.
    • Gastrointestinal and immunological dysfunctions are common in ASD, though IgE is not prevalent.

    Discussion:

    • Mast cell activation is a potential contributor to immune and neuroinflammatory abnormalities observed in ASD.
    • Early-life increases in mast cell-derived cytokines/chemokines may play a significant role in ASD development.
    • An immune hypothesis, potentially involving autoimmunity, is considered a possible pathogenetic mechanism for ASD.

    Key Insights:

    • Mast cell activation links immune system dysfunction to neuroinflammation in ASD.
    • Serotonin and mast cell findings suggest a neurochemical-immune axis in ASD.
    • Cytokine/chemokine dysregulation from mast cells could be an early factor in ASD.

    Outlook:

    • Further research into mast cell mediators and their impact on neurodevelopment in ASD is warranted.
    • Investigating the role of autoimmunity in ASD pathogenesis could reveal new therapeutic targets.
    • Understanding the immune system's contribution to ASD may lead to novel diagnostic and treatment strategies.