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Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Hydrogen multicenter bonds and reversible hydrogen storage.

P Tarakeshwar¹, T J Dhilip Kumar, N Balakrishnan

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA. tarakesh@unlv.nevada.edu

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|March 26, 2009

Summary

Researchers propose a novel reversible hydrogen storage strategy using stable hydrogen multicenter bonds in titanium nanoclusters. Infrared light can release stored hydrogen, enabling efficient energy applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physical Chemistry
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Developing efficient and reversible hydrogen storage materials is crucial for clean energy technologies.
Current methods face challenges with stability, capacity, and release mechanisms.
Hydrogen multicenter bonds offer a potential new avenue for hydrogen storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and investigate a new strategy for reversible hydrogen storage.
To explore the formation and stability of hydrogen multicenter bonds in metal nanoclusters.
To assess the potential for controlled hydrogen release via vibrational excitation.

Main Methods:

Utilizing ab initio calculations to simulate hydrogen saturation of titanium and titanium-aluminum nanoclusters.
Analyzing the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of hydrogen multicenter bonds.
Investigating the role of infrared excitation in releasing stored hydrogen.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the formation of exceptionally stable hydrogen multicenter bonds in titanium-based nanoclusters.
Showcased that bond strength can be tuned by hydrogen loading and alloying.
Identified mode-specific infrared excitation as a viable method for releasing stored hydrogen.
Discussed the implications for hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics in Ti-doped NaAlH(4).

Conclusions:

Hydrogen multicenter bonds represent a promising mechanism for reversible hydrogen storage.
Computational methods effectively predict the stability and release characteristics of these bonds.
This approach offers a pathway towards efficient and controllable hydrogen storage systems.