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Trends in transfusion-transmitted viral infections from 2001 to 2006 in Ibadan, Nigeria

Foluke A Fasola1, Taiwo R Kotila, Joshua O Akinyemi

  • 1Department of Haematology, Medical Statistics and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. folukefasola@yahoo.com

Intervirology
|March 27, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Blood donor screening for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) showed fluctuating trends, particularly for HIV and HBV. Donor education and improved screening methods are recommended for a safer blood supply.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Transfusion-transmitted viral infections pose a significant public health risk.
  • Effective blood screening is crucial for preventing viral transmission.
  • Limited data exists on viral marker trends in blood donor populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seroprevalence trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors.
  • To analyze changes in viral marker rates over a six-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of blood bank records from a Nigerian tertiary hospital (2001-2006).
  • Calculation of yearly seroprevalence rates for HBV, HCV, and HIV per 100 donations.
  • Screening of 33,682 prospective donors.

Main Results:

  • Overall seroprevalence: HBsAg (13.2%), HIV (7.66%), HCV (3.69%).
  • HIV seroprevalence significantly fluctuated, peaking in 2003 and declining thereafter (p < 0.05).
  • HBsAg seroprevalence also showed considerable fluctuation, while HCV remained consistent.

Conclusions:

  • Significant fluctuations in HIV and HBsAg seroprevalence were observed.
  • Potential variations in screening kit efficacy may contribute to observed fluctuations.
  • Enhanced donor education and formal questionnaire-based donor selection are recommended to improve blood safety.
Abstract

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