Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular changes during AT/RT progression associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix changes.

Acta neuropathologica·2026
Same author

Spatial dissection of ADC/RPT targets defines heterogeneous expression landscapes and therapeutic implications in rhabdoid tumors.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Primary Mismatch Repair Deficient Glioma (PMMRDG), IDH-wildtype and H3-wildtype: A Giant Cell Tumor with Potential for Long-Term Survival Occurring at all Ages.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Claudin-6 Protein Expression in Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors Is Strongly Enriched in the Molecular Subgroup AT/RT-TYR.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2026
Same author

The HIT Network for Children and Adolescents With CNS Tumors Facilitates Improvements of Diagnostic Assessments, Multimodal Treatments, Individual Counseling, and Research in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2026
Same author

Detection of Copy-Number Variations in CNS Tumours From Off-Target Reads of Hybrid-Capture Sequencing.

Neuropathology and applied neurobiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point
03:13

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point

Published on: June 28, 2024

Ependymal tumors.

Martin Hasselblatt1

  • 1Institute of Neuropathology, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 19, Münster, 48129, Germany. hasselblatt@uni-muenster.de

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|March 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ependymomas are diverse glial tumors. Understanding their clinical, histological, and molecular features is crucial for predicting recurrence and prognosis, and for identifying new therapeutic targets.

More Related Videos

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions
07:39

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions

Published on: November 17, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point
03:13

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point

Published on: June 28, 2024

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions
07:39

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions

Published on: November 17, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Molecular Pathology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Ependymomas are a complex class of glial tumors.
  • Their behavior varies significantly based on multiple factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review ependymoma characteristics.
  • To emphasize the impact of clinical, histological, and molecular data on prognosis and recurrence.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and histological features.
  • Analysis of molecular genetics in ependymomas.
  • Synthesis of data on tumor recurrence and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Ependymoma heterogeneity impacts clinical outcomes.
  • Specific molecular alterations correlate with prognosis.
  • Clinical and histological data are vital for management.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of ependymoma features is essential for effective treatment.
  • Molecular profiling offers promising avenues for targeted therapies.
  • Integrated clinical, histological, and molecular approaches improve patient outcomes.