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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...

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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

Published on: May 14, 2013

Stent thrombosis.

S Gupta¹, M M Gupta

¹SDM Hospital, Jaipur.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

|March 28, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce restenosis but carry a risk of stent thrombosis (ST). Optimal stent selection and prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy are crucial for preventing ST after DES implantation.

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A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

Published on: May 14, 2013

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Published on: August 26, 2025

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Interventional Cardiology
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Drug-eluting stents (DES) have significantly reduced restenosis and target vessel revascularization compared to bare-metal stents (BMS).
However, DES implantation is associated with a small but significant risk of late and very late stent thrombosis (ST).
The incidence of ST ranges from 0.3% to 2.8%, with a mean of 1.3%.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the incidence, mechanisms, and consequences of stent thrombosis (ST) following drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.
To compare the time course of ST between DES and bare-metal stents (BMS).
To discuss strategies for preventing ST after DES implantation.

Main Methods:

Literature review and analysis of existing data on stent thrombosis.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and time-dependent events between DES and BMS.
Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ST.

Main Results:

ST occurs with both BMS and DES, but the temporal pattern differs, with more early ST for BMS and later ST for DES.
Despite differences in ST timing, long-term outcomes (death, myocardial infarction) are similar between BMS and DES.
Underlying mechanisms for DES-related ST include endothelial dysfunction and incomplete stent strut coverage.

Conclusions:

Stent thrombosis, while infrequent, is a serious complication with high rates of mortality and myocardial infarction.
Primary percutaneous intervention for ST has limited success rates and potential complications.
Careful stent selection and extended dual antiplatelet therapy are essential to mitigate the risk of ST after DES implantation.