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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
06:06

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Root canal medicaments.

Nobuyuki Kawashima1, Reiko Wadachi, Hideaki Suda

  • 1Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. kawashima.n.endo@tmd.ac.jp

International Dental Journal
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern endodontics prioritizes cleaning and shaping over intracanal medicaments for root canal disinfection. Calcium hydroxide is recommended for multiple-visit treatments due to its biocompatibility and effectiveness.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
06:06

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Traditional endodontic goals include complete bacterial removal and root canal sealing.
  • Intracanal medicaments were historically crucial but are being re-evaluated.
  • Concerns exist regarding systemic toxicity and carcinogenicity of older medicaments like formocresol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evolving role of intracanal medicaments in endodontic disinfection.
  • To assess the suitability of current medicaments based on biocompatibility and stability.
  • To compare single-visit versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current endodontic practices and literature.
  • Analysis of properties of various intracanal medicaments.
  • Comparison of clinical outcomes between single- and multiple-visit endodontics.

Main Results:

  • Shaping and cleaning are increasingly emphasized for disinfection over medicaments.
  • Calcium hydroxide exhibits favorable biocompatibility, stability, and localized antimicrobial effects.
  • Single-visit endodontics shows comparable outcomes to multiple-visit treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Older medicaments like formocresol are contraindicated due to safety concerns.
  • Calcium hydroxide is a suitable choice for intracanal medication in multiple-visit procedures.
  • Single-visit endodontics is a viable alternative, often negating the need for intracanal medicaments.