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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri
05:21

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Published on: September 12, 2025

Obstetric hemorrhage.

Patricia C Devine1

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. pcd25@columbia.edu

Seminars in Perinatology
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postpartum hemorrhage is a major global maternal health issue, causing significant mortality and morbidity. Active management of labor can reduce its incidence, but timely diagnosis and treatment remain critical.

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Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs
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Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri
05:21

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri

Published on: September 12, 2025

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs
05:40

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obstetric hemorrhage, particularly postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
  • PPH complicates up to 18% of deliveries and is a significant cause of maternal morbidity.
  • While uterine atony and abnormal placentation are common causes, many cases lack identifiable risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent global challenge of obstetric hemorrhage.
  • To emphasize the impact of PPH on maternal mortality and morbidity.
  • To underscore the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment in managing PPH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on obstetric hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage.
  • Analysis of incidence, causes, and risk factors associated with PPH.
  • Evaluation of management strategies, including active management of labor.

Main Results:

  • Active management of labor has shown a significant reduction in PPH incidence.
  • Despite advances, suboptimal care, including diagnostic and treatment delays, contributes to a substantial number of PPH cases.
  • PPH remains a critical concern in both developing and developed countries.

Conclusions:

  • Obstetric hemorrhage continues to be a significant medical problem globally.
  • Effective management requires addressing deficiencies in diagnosis and treatment.
  • Continued efforts in medical and surgical therapy are necessary to reduce PPH-related mortality and morbidity.