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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility...
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In vitro Functional Characterization of Mouse Colorectal Afferent Endings
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Post-inflammatory colonic afferent sensitisation: different subtypes, different pathways and different time courses.

P A Hughes1, S M Brierley, C M Martin

  • 1Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Frome Road, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.

Gut
|March 28, 2009
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory bowel disease can cause lasting visceral hypersensitivity. High-threshold colonic afferents in pelvic and splanchnic nerves contribute to this hypersensitivity, with distinct roles during inflammation and recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Visceral pain mechanisms
  • Inflammatory bowel disease research

Background:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can develop after intestinal infections, leading to persistent hypersensitivity.
  • Rodent models of colitis, like TNBS-induced, mimic aspects of IBS and visceral hypersensitivity.
  • Colorectal sensory innervation involves complex afferent pathways in splanchnic and pelvic nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of different colonic afferent nerve classes in post-inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity.
  • To differentiate the contributions of pelvic and splanchnic nerve pathways to hypersensitivity.
  • To understand the plasticity of sensory nerves in the context of inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice, with assessments at acute (7 days) and recovery (28 days) stages.
  • In vitro analysis of mouse colorectum with attached pelvic or splanchnic nerves.
  • Measurement of mechanosensitivity in individual colonic afferents.

Main Results:

  • TNBS-induced colitis caused transient inflammation, which resolved by the recovery stage.
  • No changes in the proportions of the five afferent classes were observed.
  • Pelvic afferents showed increased mechanosensitivity, particularly serosal afferents, during the recovery phase.
  • Splanchnic afferents (both serosal and mesenteric) exhibited hypersensitivity during both acute and recovery phases.

Conclusions:

  • High-threshold colonic afferents are key contributors to inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity.
  • Low-threshold afferents do not appear to play a significant role in this hypersensitivity.
  • Pelvic afferents are primarily involved in hypersensitivity after inflammation has resolved.
  • Splanchnic afferents are implicated in visceral hypersensitivity both during active inflammation and during the recovery period.