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Elevated CO2 stimulates marsh elevation gain, counterbalancing sea-level rise.

J Adam Langley1, Karen L McKee, Donald R Cahoon

  • 1Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
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Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) can help coastal wetlands gain elevation. This plant response to increased CO2 may help these ecosystems keep pace with sea-level rise (SLR).

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Tidal wetlands face conversion to open water due to accelerating sea-level rise (SLR).
  • Soil elevation gain, crucial for wetland survival, relies on mineral deposition and organic matter accumulation.
  • Plant productivity, a key driver of organic matter dynamics, is sensitive to global change factors like rising atmospheric CO2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how elevated atmospheric CO2 influences organic mechanisms of soil elevation gain in tidal wetlands.
  • To determine if increased CO2 can enhance the ability of coastal wetlands to counteract sea-level rise.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-year field study exposing a brackish marsh to elevated CO2 (ambient + 340 ppm).
  • A companion greenhouse experiment simulating future salinity and flooding conditions.
  • Measurement of soil elevation gain and assessment of below-ground plant productivity.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 accelerated soil elevation gain by 3.9 mm yr(-1).
  • This effect was mediated by stimulated below-ground plant productivity.
  • The positive CO2 impact on elevation gain was amplified under simulated future salinity and flooding conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated atmospheric CO2 can stimulate biogenic mechanisms contributing to marsh soil elevation.
  • This CO2-driven enhancement of elevation gain may help some coastal wetlands adapt to rising sea levels.
  • Paradoxically, increased CO2, a greenhouse gas, may offer a partial solution for coastal wetland resilience against SLR.