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Volcanic mesocyclones.

Pinaki Chakraborty1, Gustavo Gioia, Susan W Kieffer

  • 1Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. chakrabo@illinois.edu

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|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A volcanic mesocyclone, a rotating updraught, causes strong volcanic plumes to lose symmetry and form distinct umbrella shapes. This phenomenon explains waterspouts, dust devils, and lightning sheaths observed in eruptions.

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Area of Science:

  • * Volcanology
  • * Atmospheric science
  • * Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • * Classical models of volcanic plumes assume axisymmetry and no rotation.
  • * Strong volcanic plumes consist of a vertical column and a horizontal umbrella.
  • * Previous models did not account for rotational effects in plume dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the hydrodynamic effect of updraughts in strong volcanic plumes.
  • * To introduce and explain the concept of a 'volcanic mesocyclone'.
  • * To unify explanations for various observed phenomena in volcanic plumes.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of satellite imagery from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption.
  • * Application of fluid dynamics principles to plume behavior.
  • * Comparison of model predictions with observational data from multiple eruptions.

Main Results:

  • * Identified a 'volcanic mesocyclone' induced by the plume's updraught.
  • * Confirmed plume rotation using satellite data from Mount Pinatubo.
  • * Observed loss of axial symmetry and lobate umbrella shapes in multiple eruptions.
  • * Linked mesocyclones to the formation of waterspouts, dust devils, and lightning sheaths.

Conclusions:

  • * The volcanic mesocyclone is a key factor in strong volcanic plume dynamics.
  • * This concept unifies explanations for previously disparate plume phenomena.
  • * The rotation significantly alters plume structure and associated hazards.