Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026
07:05
A Capsule-Based Model for Immature Hard Tick Stages Infestation on Laboratory Mice
Published on: July 9, 2020
Life Cycle, Host Range, and Reproduction of Heterodera betulae
Journal of Nematology
|March 28, 2009
Abstract:
Heterodera betulae, a cyst-forming nematode, originally recovered from roots of river birch in Arkansas, appears to have a limited host range. Of 80 plant species in 20 families tested, only five species of Betula and Cleome spinosa supported reproduction. The minimum time for a complete life cycle was 52 days at 28 C. No reproduction occurred at 31 C or above, and development was very slow below 20 C. Successful population propagations from single larvae demonstrated that males were not necessary for reproduction.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
00:51Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species reproduce only once in their lifetime, often investing most available resources into that single reproductive event. Iteroparous species, by contrast, reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes, typically allocating fewer resources to any single...
01:29Life Histories
Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...