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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Recent developments in peptide-based nucleic acid delivery.

Sandra Veldhoen1, Sandra D Laufer2, Tobias Restle2

  • 1Department of Metabolomics, ISAS - Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer a safer alternative to viral vectors for delivering nucleic acids into cells. This review explores CPP mechanisms, cargo fate, and challenges in peptide-based nucleic acid delivery.

Keywords:
CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopyCPP, cell-penetrating peptideEIPA, ethylisopropylamilorideFCS, fetal calf serumGFP, green fluorescent proteinHEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acidHIV, human immunodeficiency virusIFN, interferonIL, interleukinLF, Lipofectamine™LF2000, Lipofectamine™ 2000MAP, model amphipathic peptideMEND, multifunctional envelope-type nano deviceNLS, nuclear localisation sequenceOMe, O-methylPAMAM, polyamidoaminePEG, polyethylene glycolPEI, polyethyleneiminePMO, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomerPNA, peptide nucleic acidPTD, protein transduction domainsRNAi, RNA interferenceSAP, Sweet Arrow PeptideSTR-R8, stearyl-R8TAR, transactivator responsive regionTFO, triplex forming oligonucleotideTLR9, toll-like receptor 9TNF, tumour necrosis factorTP10, transportan 10bPrPp, bovine prion protein derived peptidecell-penetrating peptidesendocytosishCT, human calcitoninmPrPp, murine prion protein derived peptidemiRNA, microRNAnucleic acid deliverynucleic acid drugssiRNA, small inhibitory RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems are gaining interest due to their safety compared to viral vectors.
  • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular uptake of macromolecules.
  • CPPs are effective in delivering nucleic acids like siRNAs and aptamers, which have low uptake rates alone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in peptide-based cellular delivery of nucleic acid cargos.
  • To discuss various CPP internalization mechanisms and intracellular cargo fate.
  • To examine the correlation between uptake and biological activity, and identify technical challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cell-penetrating peptides and nucleic acid delivery.
  • Analysis of reported CPP sequences and their cargo-carrying capabilities.
  • Discussion of endocytosis as a primary uptake route for CPPs.

Main Results:

  • Numerous CPP sequences have been identified for successful cargo delivery into mammalian cells.
  • Endocytosis is recognized as a major pathway for CPP-mediated cellular internalization.
  • Mechanisms of CPP translocation and intracellular fate are still under investigation and subject to debate.

Conclusions:

  • CPPs represent a promising, safer strategy for nucleic acid delivery compared to viral vectors.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate CPP uptake mechanisms and optimize delivery efficiency.
  • Understanding CPPs' intracellular journey is crucial for effective therapeutic applications.