Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The neonatal blood spot metabolome in retinoblastoma.

EJC paediatric oncology·2023

Same author

Untargeted serum metabolomics reveals novel metabolite associations and disruptions in amino acid and lipid metabolism in Parkinson's disease.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2023

Same author

Maternal and newborn metabolomic changes associated with urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentrations at delivery: an untargeted approach.

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society·2023

Same author

The redox code of plants.

Plant, cell & environment·2023

Same author

Metabolomic Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation in Adults: Evidence from the FACT Trial.

The Journal of nutrition·2023

Same author

Combined cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic and cytokine profiling in tuberculosis meningitis reveals robust and prolonged changes in immunometabolic networks.

Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Published on: March 1, 2011

Cysteine redox potential determines pro-inflammatory IL-1beta levels.

Smita S Iyer¹, Carolyn J Accardi, Thomas R Ziegler

¹Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

|March 28, 2009

Summary

Oxidized cysteine/cystine redox potential directly influences interleukin-1 beta levels. Strategies preserving this redox balance may help manage inflammatory diseases.

More Related Videos

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Published on: March 1, 2011

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Cysteine (Cys) and cystine (CySS) form the primary extracellular thiol/disulfide redox system.
The normal plasma redox potential (E(h)) for Cys/CySS is around -80 mV.
Oxidation of this redox potential is linked to inflammation in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if oxidized Cys/CySS redox potential determines interleukin (IL)-1beta levels.
To explore the relationship between extracellular redox state and inflammatory markers.

Main Methods:

Exposed U937 monocytes to oxidized vs. physiological E(h) Cys/CySS.
Administered dietary sulfur amino acid (SAA) supplementation to LPS-challenged mice to preserve E(h) Cys/CySS.
Analyzed E(h) Cys/CySS and IL-1beta in human plasma samples, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

Oxidized E(h) Cys/CySS significantly increased secreted pro-IL-1beta in monocytes (1.7-fold).
SAA supplementation preserving E(h) Cys/CySS reduced plasma IL-1beta in mice (1.6-fold).
A significant positive association was found between oxidized E(h) Cys/CySS and IL-1beta in human plasma.

Conclusions:

Oxidized extracellular Cys/CySS redox potential is a key determinant of IL-1beta levels.
Maintaining the Cys/CySS redox balance may offer a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory conditions.
Targeting extracellular redox control presents a novel approach for managing inflammatory diseases.