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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Mixed (reusable/single-use) catheter management versus single-use catheter management for intermittent catheter users (MultICath): A non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

International journal of nursing studies·2026
Same author

Four Year Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Vaginal Pessary Self-Management Versus Clinic-Based Care for Pelvic Organ Prolapse (TOPSY): Long Term Follow-Up of a Randomised Controlled Superiority Trial.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2025
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Trial to compare mixed-use (multi-use and single-use) intermittent catheter management with single-use management over 12 months (The MultICath Trial): protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

BMJ open·2024
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'There's Nothing Wrong With You; You Just Need to Lose Weight'-A Qualitative Exploration of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Among Women With Multiple Sclerosis and Their Interaction in Seeking Pelvic Healthcare.

Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy·2024
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Clinical and cost-effectiveness of pessary self-management versus clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse in women: the TOPSY RCT with process evaluation.

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Cost-Effectiveness of 2 Models of Pessary Care for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Findings From the TOPSY Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Pelvic floor training for lower urinary tract dysfunction in MS.

Doreen McClurg1, Andrea Lowe-Strong, Robin Ashe

  • 1Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.

Nursing Times
|March 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) can improve bladder control and quality of life for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). A nine-week program enhanced pelvic floor muscle function and reduced urinary dysfunction symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Urology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently causes lower urinary tract dysfunction.
  • Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness can contribute to these urinary symptoms.
  • Conservative treatments for urinary dysfunction in MS are actively sought.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for improving lower urinary tract function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Main Methods:

  • A nine-week pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program was implemented.
  • Outcomes assessed included PFM function, lower urinary tract symptoms, and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • The PFMT program significantly improved PFM function.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

  • Participants experienced a reduction in lower urinary tract dysfunction symptoms.
  • Quality of life scores showed a notable increase post-intervention.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an effective intervention for managing lower urinary tract dysfunction in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
    • PFMT offers a viable non-pharmacological approach to enhance PFM function and improve overall well-being in this population.