Is age a prognostic factor for treatment outcome in renal cell cancer-A comprehensive review

Life expectancy gradually increases in the Western part of the world. Older patients may present with small, localized tumours and/or advanced or metastatic disease and still, potentially, have a considerable life expectancy. The consequence of the increased life span is that in older patients all potential treatments have to be discussed. A critical review of the literature regarding the treatment of different stages of renal cell cancer (RCC) in the elderly patient group was conducted. Elderly people with small renal masses are up to 3.5 times more likely to have a benign lesion. The oncological outcome from nephron sparing surgery (NSS), whether by means of laparoscopy or by means of open surgery, seems not to be different between young and old patients. No relationship between local recurrence and metastatic progression rates and patient age has been demonstrated. The outcome from systemic treatments in advanced/metastatic disease has been studied, no differences were observed between age groups, although toxicity profiles might differ between the younger and older patient groups.