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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

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Inattentional blindness for ignored words: comparison of explicit and implicit memory tasks.

Beverly C Butler¹, Raymond Klein

¹Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 8th Floor, Abbie J Lane Building, 5909 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2E2. DrBevButler@gmail.com

Consciousness and Cognition

|March 31, 2009

Summary

Inattentional blindness is not absolute. Even when not consciously perceived, ignored words were processed at an implicit perceptual level, challenging theories of perfect selective attention filtering.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Perception

Background:

Inattentional blindness is the failure to perceive stimuli when attention is diverted.
Previous research suggested inattentional blindness for fixated but ignored words.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate explicit and implicit memory for fixated but ignored words.
To determine if selective attention tasks result in perfect filtering of unattended stimuli.

Main Methods:

Used a selective-attention task with overlapping picture/word stimuli at fixation.
Assessed explicit memory via a recognition test.
Assessed implicit memory via a separate task.

Main Results:

No explicit awareness of unattended words was found on the recognition test.
Implicit memory tasks revealed perceptual processing of unattended words.
Selective-attention did not achieve perfect filtering as previously suggested.

Conclusions:

Unattended words are processed perceptually, even without conscious awareness.
Selective attention does not always lead to complete filtering of ignored information.
Subjects retain implicit perceptual information about stimuli they do not consciously see.