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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Diabetic artefacts in forensic practice.

O P Murty1

  • 1Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UITM, Malaysia 40450. dropmurty@yahoo.co.in

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
|March 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in distinguishing diabetic skin complications from electrical injury marks. Autopsy revealed skull fractures and brain injury, complicating the interpretation of skin lesions.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • A case involving a middle-aged male, a known diabetic and hypertensive individual facing capital punishment, is presented.
  • The deceased was discovered unconscious in a cell, prompting a judicial autopsy.

Observation:

  • The autopsy revealed several skin lesions on the fingers and foot, initially suspected to be electrical marks from torture.
  • Additionally, the examination identified a skull fracture, ischemic necrosis of the right cerebrum, and contrecoup lesions.

Findings:

  • Photographic documentation of the skin lesions and the scene of the fall was conducted.
  • The findings suggest a complex scenario involving potential electrical injury, pre-existing diabetic conditions, and traumatic brain injury.

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A Simplified Technique for Producing an Ischemic Wound Model
12:00

A Simplified Technique for Producing an Ischemic Wound Model

Published on: May 2, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

A Simplified Technique for Producing an Ischemic Wound Model
12:00

A Simplified Technique for Producing an Ischemic Wound Model

Published on: May 2, 2012

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of meticulous forensic investigation to differentiate between various etiologies of skin lesions.
  • It highlights the challenges in interpreting post-mortem findings when multiple potential causes of death or injury are present.
  • The study emphasizes the need for careful consideration of both historical medical conditions and external factors in forensic autopsies.