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Failure of an uncemented acetabular prosthesis - a case study.

P Heaton-Adegbile¹, B Russery, L Taylor

¹Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.

Engineering Failure Analysis

|March 31, 2009

Summary

Severe wear in uncemented acetabular prostheses can lead to aseptic loosening. Reducing femoral head interference in total hip replacement may decrease initial contact pressure and mitigate wear.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Revision surgery revealed severe wear and aseptic loosening in an uncemented acetabular prosthesis 12 years post-total hip replacement.
The polyethylene liner and titanium cup showed significant wear, leading to direct ceramic head articulation with the metal cup.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the biomechanical factors contributing to wear and aseptic loosening in uncemented acetabular prostheses.
To analyze contact pressures between the liner and femoral head under physiological loading conditions.

Main Methods:

Development of a 3D finite element model of the acetabular prosthesis using ANSYS software.
Modeling the polyethylene liner constrained by a stiffer metal cup.
Performing contact analyses under simulated physiological loading (walking, stair climbing).

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Main Results:

High initial contact pressures were observed along the liner periphery, attributed to femoral head oversizing.
Maximum contact pressure occurred in the superior-posterior quadrant, correlating with observed wear patterns.
Wear particles and stress shielding are implicated in periprosthetic bone loss and late loosening.

Conclusions:

Femoral head oversizing contributes to high contact pressures and subsequent wear in acetabular prostheses.
Reducing the interference fit between the liner and femoral head may effectively lower initial contact pressures.
This approach could potentially reduce wear and improve the longevity of uncemented acetabular implants.