Clinicopathological prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence in vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer is a rare disease and knowledge on prognostic factors is therefore limited and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic variables for recurrence and survival and to identify patterns of recurrence in patients with vulvar cancer.

All patients (n = 103) with primary vulvar cancer treated at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 1996 and 2003 were retrospectively analysed regarding the prognostic relevance of different clinicopathological variables. Recurrences were evaluated with regard to their characteristics and localisation.

Age, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, depth of invasion and involvement of resection margins predicted poor disease-free and overall survival in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, lymph node status was the most important independent prognostic factor (p = 0.002). No correlation was observed between lymph node metastasis and localization of recurrent disease. Regardless of initial nodal involvement, recurrences occurred primarily in the vulvar region.

Inguinofemoral lymph node status at initial diagnosis is of critical prognostic importance for patients with vulvar cancer. Further tumour biological characteristics need to be identified to stratify patients with nodal involvement for adjuvant radiotherapy of the vulva to prevent local recurrences.