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Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Published on: December 31, 2013

The coding and effector transfer of movement sequences.

Attila J Kovacs1, Thomas Mühlbauer, Charles H Shea

  • 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|April 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reinstating visual-spatial coordinates improved arm movement transfer more than motor coordinates. This suggests distinct motor control codes develop with practice, impacting performance when coordinates change.

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control and learning
  • Human movement science
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

  • Motor learning involves acquiring and refining movement skills.
  • Transfer of learning occurs when practice on one task impacts performance on another.
  • Understanding the coordinate systems (visual-spatial vs. motor) guiding movement is crucial for explaining transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual-spatial or motor coordinate reinstatement yields better effector transfer in arm movements.
  • To examine the influence of practice duration on the effectiveness of different coordinate systems for transfer.
  • To explore the development and contribution of multiple motor codes (visual, spatial, motor) to transfer performance.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments used a 14-element arm movement sequence.
  • Participants performed movements, with subsequent tests reinstating either visual-spatial or motor coordinates.
  • Practice varied across experiments (1, 4, or 12 days) to assess learning effects.

Main Results:

  • Visual-spatial coordinate reinstatement consistently resulted in superior effector transfer compared to motor coordinate reinstatement.
  • Transfer was symmetric (left-to-right and right-to-left) with visual-spatial reinstatement, but asymmetric with motor reinstatement.
  • With extended practice and motor coordinate reinstatement under occlusion, limb-specific transfer asymmetries were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Visual-spatial information plays a dominant role in motor effector transfer, especially compared to motor commands alone.
  • Motor practice leads to the development of multiple, dissociable codes (visual, spatial, motor) that contribute to transfer.
  • Altering coordinate systems during transfer disrupts the concatenation of learned movement subsequences.