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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

CD28 co-stimulation down regulates Th17 development.

Salim Bouguermouh1, Geneviève Fortin, Nobuyasu Baba

  • 1Immunoregulation Laboratory, CHUM Research Center, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Plos One
|April 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soluble anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody suppressed T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation. This study reveals B7 co-stimulatory molecules negatively regulate Th17 development, cautioning against targeting CD28/B7 pathways for autoimmune diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a role in host defense and autoimmune diseases.
  • CD28/B7 co-stimulation is implicated in autoimmune disease development, but its effect on Th17 cell fate is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD28/B7 co-stimulation in regulating murine Th17 cell differentiation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind CD28-mediated regulation of Th17 cells.

Main Methods:

  • Used anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to block CD28 signaling in anti-CD3-stimulated naïve CD4(+) T cells.
  • Co-cultured antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, including mature and immature dendritic cells (DCs).
  • Utilized CTLA4-Ig to block CD28/B7 and CTLA4/B7 interactions.

Main Results:

  • Soluble anti-CD28 mAb suppressed Th17 cell differentiation and reduced the frequency of IL-17-producing cells.
  • CD28-mediated IL-17 suppression involves IL-2 and IFN-gamma.
  • CD28 blockade decreased, rather than increased, Foxp3(+) T cells.
  • Immature DCs were more efficient at supporting Th17 differentiation than mature DCs.
  • CTLA4-Ig facilitated both murine and human Th17 differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • B7 co-stimulatory molecules are important for the negative regulation of Th17 development.
  • Targeting CD28/B7 pathways for human autoimmune disease treatment requires caution due to these unexpected findings.