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Ectonucleotidases in the kidney.

David G Shirley1, Renu M Vekaria, Jean Sévigny

  • 1Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Hampstead Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK, david.shirley@ucl.ac.uk.

Purinergic Signalling
|April 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Renal ectonucleotidases, including NTPDases, NPPs, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and alkaline phosphatases, are present in kidney vasculature and tubules. Their distribution suggests a significant role in regulating purinoceptor activity and kidney function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nephrology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Ectonucleotidases are enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides.
  • These enzymes play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including cardiovascular and renal functions.
  • Understanding their distribution and function in the kidney is essential for comprehending purinergic signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the presence and distribution of ectonucleotidases in renal structures.
  • To discuss the potential functional significance of these enzymes in renal physiology and pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the role of ectonucleotidases in modulating purinoceptor activity within the kidney.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies identifying and characterizing renal ectonucleotidases.
  • Analysis of enzyme distribution in renal vasculature and tubular segments in mammalian models (rats and mice).
  • Discussion of enzyme kinetics and substrate specificities where available.

Main Results:

  • All four families of ectonucleotidases (NTPDases, NPPs, ecto-5 '-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatases) are found in renal vasculature and/or tubules.
  • Specific ectonucleotidases (e.g., NTPDase1, NTPDase2, NTPDase3, NPP1, NPP3) show distinct localization patterns along the nephron and in the vasculature.
  • Ecto-5 '-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatases are also identified in specific renal cell types and membranes.

Conclusions:

  • The varied distribution of renal ectonucleotidases suggests a significant role in regulating extracellular nucleotide levels.
  • These enzymes likely influence purinoceptor activity by generating or hydrolyzing receptor agonists.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional impact of renal ectonucleotidases on glomerular and tubular physiology and disease.