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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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A Non-random Mouse Model for Pharmacological Reactivation of Mecp2 on the Inactive X Chromosome
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Autoregulatory loop of Msx1 expression involving its antisense transcripts.

Stéphane Petit1, Fleur Meary, Laurence Pibouin

  • 1INSERM U872, Equipe 5, Laboratoire de Biologie Oro-Faciale et Pathologie, Paris, France.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|April 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The Msx1 antisense (AS) RNA fine-tunes Msx1 gene expression by negatively regulating Msx1 mRNA post-transcriptionally. Msx1 gene positively controls AS RNA levels, forming a regulatory loop crucial for adult homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The Msx1 homeogene is vital for organogenesis via epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
  • Bidirectional transcription of the Msx1 gene produces a long non-coding antisense (AS) RNA.
  • This AS RNA is potentially involved in regulating Msx1 expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory relationship between Msx1 sense (S) RNA and its antisense (AS) RNA.
  • To determine the role of Msx1 AS RNA in Msx1 gene expression control.
  • To explore the function of Msx1 RNAs in adult mouse tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
  • RNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (RNA-FISH)
  • In vivo mapping by RT-PCR

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of Msx1 AS RNA reduced endogenous Msx1 S mRNA levels post-transcriptionally.
  • Msx1 overexpression increased AS RNA levels, suggesting positive retrocontrol of AS transcription.
  • Both Msx1 S and AS RNAs were detected in various adult mouse tissues, with similar expression patterns.
  • Msx1 RNAs and protein showed co-localization in specific adult tissues, including the eye, with potential roles in regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Msx1 S RNA is negatively controlled by its AS RNA at the post-transcriptional level.
  • Msx1 AS RNA is positively retrocontrolled by Msx1, indicating a regulatory loop.
  • This tight S/AS RNA relationship fine-tunes Msx1 expression, essential for adult homeostasis.