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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Polyamorphism in tin tetraiodide.

Kazuhiro Fuchizaki1, Takaki Hase, Akihiro Yamada

  • 1Department of Physics, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan. fuchizak@phys.sci.ehime-u.ac.jp

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found evidence of polyamorphism in tin tetraiodide liquid. This liquid exhibits distinct structures under different pressures, supporting polyamorphism in compounds beyond elements.

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The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
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Published on: November 28, 2016

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous phases, has been observed in elements like phosphorus.
  • Liquids with locally tetrahedral molecular structures are of particular interest for polyamorphism studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural behavior of tin tetraiodide (SnI4) liquid under high pressure.
  • To determine if SnI4 exhibits polyamorphism, similar to phosphorus.
  • To provide evidence for thermodynamically stable polyamorphism in general compounds.

Main Methods:

  • In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements were performed on liquid tin tetraiodide.
  • Experiments were conducted across a pressure range up to 1.5 GPa.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct liquid structures of tin tetraiodide were identified above and below 1.5 GPa.
  • An abrupt change in the slope of the melting curve of the solid phase was observed around 1.5 GPa.
  • The study provides evidence for thermodynamically stable polyamorphism in SnI4.

Conclusions:

  • Tin tetraiodide exhibits pressure-induced polyamorphism, demonstrating this phenomenon in compounds.
  • A proposed phase diagram incorporates the two observed amorphous states, based on the pseudobinary regular solution model.
  • Molecular orientation (vertex-to-face) is critical for the structural transition between liquid phases.