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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Calibration of 119Sn isomer shift using ab initio wave function methods.

Reshmi Kurian1, Michael Filatov

  • 1Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study calibrates the isomer shift for the (119)Sn nucleus using ab initio calculations. The validated method accurately describes pressure-induced variations in tin compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear physics
  • Computational chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • The isomer shift of the (119)Sn nucleus is a sensitive probe of its electronic environment.
  • Accurate calibration of the isomer shift is crucial for interpreting experimental data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calibrate the isomer shift for the 23.87 keV M1 resonant transition in the (119)Sn nucleus using ab initio calculations.
  • To validate the calibration approach by studying the (119)Sn isomer shift in CaSnO(3) perovskite under pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio calculations, including Hartree-Fock (HF) and second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) methods.
  • Statistical analysis to assess the impact of electron correlation effects.
  • Application of the calibrated method to analyze experimental pressure-dependent isomer shift data.

Main Results:

  • Calibration constants obtained from HF and MP2 calculations show good agreement with previous values.
  • Electron correlation effects are shown to be important for accurate calibration.
  • The methodology accurately describes experimental (119)Sn isomer shift variations in CaSnO(3) under pressures up to 36 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • The ab initio calculation approach provides a reliable method for calibrating the (119)Sn isomer shift.
  • The validated methodology can accurately describe pressure-induced changes in the isomer shift of tin-containing materials.