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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini1, Abbas Hassanpour, Reza Farzan

  • 1Endourology Division, Department of Urology, Nephrology-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Journal of Endourology
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) offers a safe and effective method for kidney stone removal, achieving a high stone-free rate without radiation exposure. This technique provides a viable alternative to traditional fluoroscopic procedures.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common procedure for kidney stone removal.
  • Fluoroscopy has traditionally guided PCNL, involving radiation exposure for patients and staff.
  • Alternative imaging modalities are sought to improve safety and reduce radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Main Methods:

  • 47 patients (29 male, 18 female; mean age 33.4 years) with renal pelvic stones (mean size 31.5 mm) underwent ultrasound-guided PCNL.
  • Procedures involved ureteral stent insertion, pelvicaliceal system (PCS) localization with saline, and needle puncture under ultrasonography.
  • All stages, including dilatation, were performed using real-time ultrasound guidance.

Main Results:

  • A total of 93.61% of patients were stone-free post-operation (39 completely stone-free, 5 with fragments that passed spontaneously).
  • Two patients required fluoroscopy due to initial failure.
  • Two patients with residual fragments underwent shockwave lithotripsy, and one required ureteroscopic fragment removal.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound-guided PCNL is a safe and effective alternative to fluoroscopic methods for kidney stone treatment.
  • This technique eliminates radiation exposure for both the patient and the surgeon.
  • Further experience is recommended to optimize outcomes and fully establish its role.