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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves
Published on: March 9, 2014
Molecular interactions within the plant TOC complex
Maik S Sommer1, Enrico Schleiff
1Cluster of Excellence 'Macromolecular Complexes', Center of Membrane Proteomics, Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Abstract:
Protein transport, especially into different cellular compartments, is a highly coordinated and regulated process. The molecular machineries which carry out these transport processes are highly complex in structure, function, and regulation. In the case of chloroplasts, thousands of protein molecules have been estimated to be transported across the double-membrane bound envelope per minute. In this brief review, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular interplay during precursor protein import into chloroplasts, focusing on the initial events at the outer envelope.
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