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Adherens Junctions

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types – adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...

Tissue Membranes

Tissue Membranes

A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints. A synovial membrane is...

Tight Junctions

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved in a...

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TAPE: A Biodegradable Hemostatic Glue Inspired by a Ubiquitous Compound in Plants for Surgical Application

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Tissue adhesives and sealants.

Aesthetic Surgery Journal

|April 2, 2009

Summary

Tissue adhesives and sealants offer rapid, secure wound closure. Key considerations for ideal products include effectiveness, safety, cost, and degradation profiles for clinical use.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Surgical Technology
Wound Healing

Background:

Rapid and secure tissue adherence is a significant goal in medical procedures.
Various materials, including cyanoacrylates, marine adhesive proteins, and fibrin sealants, are employed for tissue adhesion.
Key factors for evaluating tissue adhesives and sealants include efficacy, usability, cost, strength, degradation, safety, and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To address common clinical questions regarding the use of tissue adhesives and sealants.
To provide insights into the practical application and considerations of these surgical adjuncts.

Main Methods:

Expert panel discussion and question-and-answer format.
Review of existing technologies and clinical concerns related to tissue adhesives and sealants.

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Main Results:

Discussion highlights the multifaceted nature of selecting and using tissue adhesives and sealants.
Identifies critical parameters for assessing the suitability of different adhesive and sealant products in clinical settings.

Conclusions:

The selection of an ideal tissue adhesive or sealant requires careful consideration of multiple factors.
Ongoing research and development are crucial for improving the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of tissue adhesion technologies.