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Related Concept Videos

Glycosaminoglycans01:23

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance01:17

Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance

One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...

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Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells
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Micropatterned Surfaces to Study Hyaluronic Acid Interactions with Cancer Cells

Published on: December 22, 2010

Understanding and using hyaluronic acid.

Seth L Matarasso

    Aesthetic Surgery Journal
    |April 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Injectable synthetic hyaluronic acid offers safe and effective soft tissue augmentation. This biocompatible filler provides robust volume and lasting correction by attracting and retaining water until fully metabolized.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials science
    • Dermatology
    • Plastic surgery

    Background:

    • Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component in soft tissues.
    • Synthetic HA fillers are used for soft tissue augmentation.
    • Biocompatibility and biodegradability are crucial for injectable fillers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and characteristics of injectable synthetic hyaluronic acid for soft tissue augmentation.
    • To assess the safety profile, including the need for skin testing.
    • To understand the mechanism of volume and duration of correction.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized injectable synthetic hyaluronic acid for soft tissue augmentation.
    • Assessed product biodegradability and biocompatibility.
    • Observed the water-attracting and water-retaining properties of the gel.

    Main Results:

    • The synthetic hyaluronic acid demonstrated biodegradability and biocompatibility.
    • No prior skin testing was required for soft tissue augmentation.
    • The product provided robust augmentation and sustained correction through water retention.

    Conclusions:

    • Injectable synthetic hyaluronic acid is a safe and effective option for soft tissue augmentation.
    • Its ability to attract and retain water ensures long-lasting volume and correction.
    • The material's biocompatibility eliminates the need for pre-treatment skin tests.