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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Body contouring: gynecomastia.

Richard A Mladick

Aesthetic Surgery Journal

|April 2, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gynecomastia surgery depends on breast sagging severity. Minor sagging requires small incisions, while significant sagging needs larger incisions and repositioning. Lipoplasty aids correction and reduces complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Surgical Techniques

Background:

Gynecomastia, or male breast enlargement, presents varied challenges.
Surgical correction requires tailored approaches based on patient anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline a surgical strategy for gynecomastia based on the degree of breast sagging.
To detail incision types and adjunctive procedures for optimal outcomes.

Main Methods:

Classification of gynecomastia based on breast sagging.
Selection of surgical incision (infraareolar vs. alternative) according to sagging.
Inclusion of adjunctive lipoplasty for tissue removal and contouring.

Main Results:

A small infraareolar incision is sufficient for minimal sagging.
Significant sagging necessitates alternative incisions for skin excision and areolar repositioning.
Adjunctive lipoplasty improves results and reduces complications.

Conclusions:

Degree of breast sagging is a key determinant in surgical planning for gynecomastia.
A stepwise approach incorporating incision choice and lipoplasty optimizes surgical correction.
This method aims to enhance aesthetic outcomes and patient safety.