Heart Failure I: Introduction
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Imbalances in Cardiac Output
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
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Assessment of Glutamine as a Fuel Source for Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Chronic Ethanol Using an Extracellular Flux Bioanalyzer
Published on: November 15, 2024
Irma Laonigro1, Michele Correale, Matteo Di Biase
1Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Heavy alcohol consumption for over five years can lead to asymptomatic alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Continued drinking progresses ACM to symptomatic heart failure (HF), with high mortality rates without abstinence.
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