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Related Concept Videos

What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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The impact of conflict on patients with thalassaemia.

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Socio-economic disparities in clinical outcomes of transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia patients.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

Thalassaemic bone disease. An overview.

Michael Angastiniotis1, Androulla Eleftheriou

  • 1Thalassaemia International Federation, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews : PER
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Thalassaemic bone disease results from multiple factors, yet lacks standardized investigation and evidence-based management protocols. Further research is needed to document its natural history and long-term therapeutic effects.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Orthopedics
  • Metabolic Bone Disease

Background:

  • Thalassaemic bone disease is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors.
  • These factors can vary in type and severity among patients.
  • Current understanding necessitates a tailored management approach for each individual.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on causative influences in thalassaemic bone disease.
  • To critically examine current investigation and management strategies.
  • To highlight the lack of standardized protocols for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of causative factors in thalassaemic bone disease.
  • Critical analysis of existing investigational methods.

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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
05:23

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

  • Evaluation of current management strategies based on available evidence.
  • Main Results:

    • Multiple factors contribute to bone damage in thalassaemia.
    • There is a lack of consensus on investigation protocols.
    • Evidence-based management guidelines are currently unavailable.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant gap exists in agreed guidelines for investigating and monitoring thalassaemia patients.
    • There is a need for evidence-based management protocols for lifelong bone disease in thalassaemia.
    • The natural history and long-term effects of therapy for this complex osteopathy require further documentation.