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Related Concept Videos

Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

Embryonic vasculogenesis and hematopoietic specification.

Lauren C Goldie1, Melissa K Nix, Karen K Hirschi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Cellular Biology; Children's Nutrition Research Center; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, Texas USA.

Organogenesis
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis in mammals involve shared regulatory factors. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is crucial for differentiating both endothelial and blood cells during embryonic development.

Keywords:
endothelial cell specializationendotheliumhematopoiesishemogenic endotheliumvasculogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Vasculogenesis is the de novo formation of blood vessels.
  • Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells.
  • These processes occur in parallel in mammals, raising questions about common progenitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis.
  • To identify common regulatory factors controlling both cell lineages.
  • To highlight the role of VEGF in early embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis.
  • Analysis of regulatory pathways involved in endothelial and blood cell differentiation.
  • Focus on the function of VEGF and associated signaling.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests common regulatory factors, not necessarily a single common progenitor.
  • VEGF is identified as a key regulator for both endothelial and blood cell development.
  • Coordination with other signaling pathways is critical for cell differentiation and function.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular and blood cell lineages share common regulatory mechanisms.
  • VEGF plays a pivotal role in coordinating differentiation and function of these cells.
  • Understanding these shared pathways is vital for developmental biology research.