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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Temporal and spatial changes in element distribution in bone and cartilage.

Kenichi Yamamoto1, Kazuyo Igawa, Hiroshi Ueno

  • 1Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.

Journal of Orthopaedic Science : Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Element mapping reveals distinct changes in bone and cartilage composition during mouse development. Calcium and sulfur content can indicate skeletal tissue maturity, aiding in age and differentiation assessments.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Methods to Enable Spatial Transcriptomics of Bone Tissues
07:43

Methods to Enable Spatial Transcriptomics of Bone Tissues

Published on: May 3, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Skeletal Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Bone and cartilage serve as elemental reservoirs, with disruptions linked to disease.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the temporal and spatial distribution of elements within these tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the elemental distribution in developing mouse knee joints.
  • To investigate temporal and spatial changes in element composition in bone and cartilage.

Main Methods:

  • Element mapping of mouse knee joints at different developmental stages (newborn, 3 weeks, 20 weeks).
  • Analysis of element distribution in articular cartilage, growth plates, and bone using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Identified key elements (Na, O, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Cl) in various skeletal tissues.
  • Observed spatial changes in growth plate cartilage (increased S and Ca with maturation).
  • Detected temporal changes in growth plate cartilage and bone (e.g., increased S, Ca, Mg with age).

Conclusions:

  • Element mapping is a valuable tool for assessing skeletal tissue age and maturity.
  • Calcium and sulfur content can differentiate between immature and mature cartilage.