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Left Atrial Ligation in the Avian Embryo as a Model for Altered Hemodynamic Loading During Early Vascular Development
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Published on: June 16, 2023

Aortic arch morphogenesis and flow modeling in the chick embryo.

Yajuan Wang1, Onur Dur, Michael J Patrick

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 2100 Doherty Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|April 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Biomechanical forces shape embryonic aortic arch development. This study quantifies changes in geometry, blood flow, and wall shear stress (WSS) during chick embryo development, revealing WSS

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Embryonic aortic arch development involves complex morphogenesis.
  • Biomechanical forces significantly influence this process, as evidenced by patient and animal data.
  • Understanding these forces is crucial for explaining congenital heart defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify geometric, blood flow, and wall shear stress (WSS) changes during embryonic aortic arch morphogenesis.
  • To correlate these biomechanical factors with developmental stages.
  • To investigate the role of WSS in regulating aortic arch development.

Main Methods:

  • Composite 3D models of chick embryo aortic arches at Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages HH18 and HH24.
  • Techniques included fluorescent dye injection, micro-CT, Doppler velocity recordings, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  • India ink and fluorescent dyes visualized morphology and flow; polymeric casting and micro-CT provided 3D structure.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant variations in arch diameters and correlations with WSS were reported.
  • CFD simulations quantified pulsatile blood flow distribution and revealed shifts in WSS and velocity patterns between HH18 and HH24.
  • Highest WSS values occurred at narrowest arch diameters, and altered flow simulations mimicked observed defect progressions.

Conclusions:

  • Biomechanical forces, particularly WSS, play a critical role in regulating embryonic aortic arch morphogenesis.
  • The interplay between geometry, flow distribution, and local vascular response to WSS is vital.
  • Findings provide insights into the etiology of pharyngeal arch defects.