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Related Concept Videos

Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Ending Relationships01:28

Ending Relationships

The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...
Leaving Groups02:14

Leaving Groups

The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.  
In a nucleophilic...
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

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Published on: March 23, 2022

Lessons in how to quit.

Anita Pati

    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |April 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    School nurses play a vital role in helping students quit smoking, especially on No Smoking Day. Their support is crucial for youth cessation efforts.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Adolescent Health
    • Smoking Cessation

    Background:

    • No Smoking Day highlights the importance of tobacco control initiatives.
    • Adolescent smoking remains a significant public health concern.
    • School nurses are uniquely positioned to address student smoking behaviors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the role of school nurses in supporting student smoking cessation.
    • To identify strategies for effective youth tobacco prevention and cessation programs.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative interviews with school nurses.
    • Review of existing school-based smoking cessation programs.
    • Analysis of student smoking prevalence data.

    Main Results:

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    Published on: March 23, 2022

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    • School nurses utilize various approaches to counsel students on quitting smoking.
    • Barriers to cessation include peer influence and lack of resources.
    • Successful interventions often involve a multi-component approach.

    Conclusions:

    • School nurses are essential in facilitating smoking cessation among students.
    • Enhanced training and resources are needed to support school nurses' efforts.
    • Comprehensive school-based programs can effectively reduce adolescent smoking rates.