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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Analysis of laser lipolysis effects on human tissue samples obtained from liposuction.

Aesthetic plastic surgery·2005
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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Scarless mid- and lower face lift.

Ana Zulmira E D Badin, Márcia Regina Campelli Forte, Odilon Loyola E Silva

    Aesthetic Surgery Journal
    |April 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    New polypropylene monofilament threads offer a simple solution for facial soft tissue elevation and fixation. This minimally invasive technique shows promising results for facial rejuvenation, potentially complementing traditional methods.

    Area of Science:

    • Plastic Surgery
    • Aesthetic Medicine
    • Biomaterials

    Background:

    • Traditional facial rejuvenation methods like cutaneous or deep subperiosteal suspension have limitations.
    • These complex procedures often fail to adequately address the need for fatty structure elevation and fixation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy of polypropylene monofilament threads (Beramendi threads) for facial soft tissue elevation and fixation.
    • To evaluate a simple and efficient solution for facial rejuvenation challenges.

    Main Methods:

    • Polypropylene monofilament threads with double-convergent cog-like anchors were used for soft tissue elevation.
    • The procedure was performed through a bezel-tipped trocar, resulting in no visible scars.
    • Fifty-two patients were followed for 18 months to assess outcomes, indications, limitations, and complications.

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    Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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    Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

    Published on: December 30, 2025

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    Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

    Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
    19:53

    Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

    Published on: March 1, 2015

    Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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    Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    Main Results:

    • The Beramendi thread technique yielded good to satisfactory results in most patients.
    • Commonly observed side effects included ecchymosis, edema, discomfort, and pain.
    • Localized dimpling occurred in some cases but resolved spontaneously or with minor correction.

    Conclusions:

    • The polypropylene monofilament thread technique is a potentially useful and simple procedure for facial rejuvenation.
    • Further investigation is warranted to determine its role as a substitute or complement to conventional facial rejuvenation methods.