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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

Muscles that Move the Thigh

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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
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Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
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Related Experiment Videos

Gluteal retractions: classification and treatment techniques.

Raul Gonzalez

    Aesthetic Surgery Journal
    |April 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new classification and treatment algorithm for gluteal retractions, addressing various subcutaneous tissue, fascial, and muscle defects. The proposed system offers a systematic approach for effective diagnosis and aesthetic correction.

    Area of Science:

    • Plastic Surgery
    • Aesthetic Medicine
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Gluteal retractions stem from histologic alterations in subcutaneous tissues, gluteal fascia, or muscle.
    • Existing literature lacks a systematic diagnostic approach or aesthetic treatment strategy for these defects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define and classify gluteal retractions based on affected anatomical structures.
    • To present an assessment method for identifying defect types.
    • To describe techniques for correcting various gluteal retraction problems.

    Main Methods:

    • Surgical lysis and removal of affected muscle fibers or fascial segments via an intergluteal crease incision.
    • Percutaneous treatment of subcutaneous defects using fat grafting and fiber lysis.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Procedures performed under local, epidural, or combined anesthesia.

    • Main Results:

    • Satisfactory treatment outcomes were observed in 214 patients.
    • Complications included seroma, infection, residual muscle inelasticity, and overcorrection.
    • Multiple fat grafting sessions were needed for 31.2% of patients with subcutaneous defects.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed classification system and physical examination-based algorithm are effective for diagnosing and treating gluteal retractions.
    • This systematic approach aids in achieving specific defect correction and improved aesthetic results.