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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
10:10

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

Real space maps of atomic transitions.

P Schattschneider1, J Verbeeck, A L Hamon

  • 1Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 WIEN, Austria. schattschneider@ifp.tuwien.ac.at

Ultramicroscopy
|April 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mapping electronic transitions at the atomic scale is now possible using advanced transmission electron microscopes. New methods detect handedness of electronic transitions, enabling atomic magnetic moment mapping via energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD).

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Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy
15:04

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 3, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
10:10

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy
15:04

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 3, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enable atomic-scale investigations.
  • Understanding electronic transitions is crucial for characterizing materials at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of mapping electronic transitions in real space at the atomic scale.
  • To analyze the role of initial and final state wave functions and atomic transition channels in inelastic scattering.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of information from scatterer's initial and final state wave functions.
  • Investigating atomic transition channels for inelastic scattering cross-section.
  • Proposing two experimental setups: one blocking half the diffraction plane, another using a cylinder lens.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that changes in the magnetic quantum number during electronic transitions can be mapped.
  • Developed methods that break conventional circular symmetry in electron microscopy.
  • Showcased the detection of electronic transition handedness as image intensity asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methods allow for real-space mapping of electronic transitions on the atomic scale.
  • This technique is vital for atomic resolution energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD).
  • Enables the determination of magnetic moments for single atoms with high precision.